Washington, DC Probate

When someone dies in Washington, D.C., and a regular estate must be opened (typically when the estate is valued over $40,000 or includes real estate), the following steps must be taken:
⚖️ 1. Determine Jurisdiction & Type of Estate
-
Confirm the decedent was a D.C. resident or owned property in D.C.
-
Decide whether it’s a regular or small estate (over $40,000 = regular).
-
Check for a will. If there’s a will, it will go through probate as a testate estate. If not, the estate will be intestate.
📑 2. Obtain Death Certificate
-
Get several certified copies from the D.C. Vital Records Division.
-
You’ll need these for court and financial institutions.
🧾 3. Gather Essential Documents
-
The original will (if there is one).
-
Any codicils (amendments to the will).
-
Names and addresses of heirs and beneficiaries.
-
A list of the decedent’s assets (real estate, bank accounts, etc.).
-
Information about known debts and obligations.
🏛️ 4. File Petition for Probate
File with the Probate Division of the D.C. Superior Court:
-
Petition for Probate) — to appoint a Personal Representative (PR).
-
Notice of Appointment, Notice to Creditors and Notice to Unknown Heirs.
-
Will, Codicils, and Death Certificate.
-
Bond, unless waived by the will or court.
-
Consent to Appointment (Form 4) — from interested parties if required.
-
Initial Order of Court, once approved.
👤 5. Appointment of Personal Representative
-
Once appointed, the PR receives Letters of Administration (testamentary if there is a will), granting legal authority to administer the estate.
-
PR must post bond, if not waived.
📢 6. Publish Notice to Creditors
-
Publish the Notice of Appointment, Notice to Creditors, and Notice to Unknown Heirs in a newspaper of general circulation in D.C. once a week for three consecutive weeks.
-
Creditors have 6 months from the date of first publication to file claims.
💼 7. Administer the Estate
The PR must:
-
Open an estate bank account.
-
Inventory and appraise assets.
-
Pay valid debts and taxes.
-
File taxes, including final income tax return and estate tax returns (if needed).
Maintain records and receipts.
📝 8. File an Inventory and Accounts
-
File a Verified Inventory within 90 days of appointment.
-
File periodic accountings showing income, expenses, and distributions:
-
First and final account (or interim accounts if the estate remains open).
🏁 9. Distribute the Estate
-
After debts, taxes, and court approval, distribute remaining assets to heirs or beneficiaries.
✅ 10. Close the Estate
-
Submit a final account.
-
Request a Certificate of Completion or Order of Discharge.
-
The court will officially close the estate and release the PR.